маргарет тэтчер биография на английском
Биография Маргарет Тэтчер на английском языке
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Margaret Hilda Thatcher was the 71st Prime Minister of Great Britain, the first and the only woman to hold that title. She was known as the “Iron Lady” for her strong-willed character and harsh style in politics. Margaret Thatcher (nee Roberts) was born on October 13th, 1925, in Lincolnshire. She spent her childhood in Grantham. Her father was the owner of two grocery stores. He took active part in political and religious matters of Grantham. Margaret attended the local primary school and then she was appointed a scholarship and transferred to a more prestigious grammar school.
In 1943, she was accepted in Oxford, where she studied chemistry for four years. In 1947 she received a Bachelor’s degree in science. While still studying she became the chairman of Conservative Association of the university. After graduation she settled in Colchester, where she worked as a research chemist for one company. At the same time she joined the local Conservative Party and soon she was elected to represent the Conservatives for the safe Labour seat. She was rather fearless when making public speeches.
In 1950s she fully switched from scientific researches to political and legal practice. In 1959, after a difficult battle she was elected as a Member of Parliament. At that time she began actively attending the Institute of Economics, where she learned a lot about the welfare of state. In 1979, Thatcher won the general election and became the leader of the opposition. This was her first term as the Prime Minister of Great Britain. While holding the office, she won the reputation of “Iron lady”. Particularly, one Soviet newspaper called her that way in response to her anti-Soviet speech made in January of 1976. Over 11 years she was the head of the British cabinet. During this time she held a number of tough economic reforms and supported tax increases.
In 1982, she sent the British military ships to the Falkland Islands, which were occupied by Argentina. In several weeks the conflict was settled and Britain again took control over the islands. This was a key factor for the second victory of Conservative Party at the parliamentary elections in 1983. All in all, Margaret Thatcher won three elections. The third term as a Prime Minister was the most difficult for her. After she had taken a series of unpopular measures, she had no other choice than to leave the post. In 1992 Queen Elisabeth II granted her with the title of a baroness. During the last few years of her life the Iron Lady suffered from several minor strokes and senile dementia. She died on April 8th, 2013.
Маргарет Тэтчер; Margaret Thatcher — Топик по английскому языку
Тема по английскому языку: Маргарет Тэтчер
Топик по английскому языку: Маргарет Тэтчер (Margaret Thatcher). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.
Происхождение
Маргарет Робертс, дочь бакалейщика, родилась в Грантам, графство Линкольншир 13 октября 1925.Она поступила в Оксфордский университет, а затем стала химиком-исследователем. Позже она изучала юриспруденцию и, в конечном итоге, стала адвокатом. В 1951 она вышла замуж за состоятельного бизнесмена, Дениса Тэтчера, с которым у них было двое детей.
Продвижение по службе
Будучи членом Консервативной партии Маргарет Тэтчер была избрана представлять Финчли в октябре 1959 года. Два года спустя она заняла пост младшего министра по пенсиям в правительстве Гарольда Макмиллана. С 1964 по 1970, когда лейбористская партия была у власти, она занимала ряд должностей в теневом кабинете Эдуарда Хита. Хит стал премьер-министром в 1970 и Тэтчер была назначена государственным секретарем по вопросам образования и науки.
Тэтчер – премьер-министр
После того как консерваторы потерпели поражение в 1974 году, Тэтчер оспорила лидерство Хита в партии и выиграла. На всеобщих выборах в 1979 консерваторы пришли к власти, и Тэтчер стала премьер-министром. Хотя политика Тэтчер была успешна в снижении инфляции, безработица все же резко возросла.
Война за Фолклендские острова
Железная леди
В области внешней политики Тэтчер культивировала тесные политические и личные отношения с президентом США Рональдом Рейганом. Советские люди прозвали ее «железной леди».
Третий срок
На всеобщих выборах в 1987 Тэтчер выиграла беспрецедентный третий срок. Однако ее популярность была серьезно подорвана, когда в 1989 в Шотландии был введен подушный налог, а остальная часть Великобритании должна была последовать этому на следующий год. Новый налог был крайне непопулярным и привел к публичным демонстрациям.
Отставка
В ноябре 1990 года Тэтчер согласилась уйти в отставку, и в качестве лидера партии и премьер-министра ее обошел Джон Мейджор. В 1992 году Тэтчер покинула Палату общин, уйдя в Палату лордов как баронесса Тэтчер Кестевена.
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Margaret Thatcher
Background
Margaret Roberts, the daughter of a grocer, was born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, on 13th October, 1925. She went to Oxford University and then became a research chemist. Later she studied law and eventually became a barrister. In 1951, she married a wealthy businessman, Denis Thatcher, with whom she had two children.
Promotion
A member of the Conservative Party, Margaret Thatcher was elected to represent Finchley in October 1959. Two years later she took the post of junior minister for pensions in Harold Macmillan’s government. From 1964 to 1970, when Labour were in power, she served in a number of positions in Edward Heath’s shadow cabinet. Heath became prime minister in 1970 and Thatcher was appointed Secretary of State for Education and Science.
Prime minister
After the Conservatives were defeated in 1974, Thatcher challenged Heath for the leadership of the party and won. In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives came to power and Thatcher became Prime minister. Although Thatcher’s policies succeeded in reducing inflation, unemployment still dramatically increased.
Falklands War
Victory in the Falklands War in 1982 and a divided opposition helped Thatcher win in the 1983 general election. In 1984, she narrowly escaped death when the IRA planted a bomb at the Conservative party conference in Brighton.
Iron Lady
In foreign affairs, Thatcher cultivated a close political and personal relationship with US president Ronald Reagan. Soviet people called her “Iron Lady”.
Third term
In the 1987 general election, Thatcher won an unprecedented third term in office. However, her popularity was severely damaged when the Poll Tax was introduced in Scotland in 1989 and the rest of Britain was to follow a year later. The new tax was extremely unpopular and led to public demonstrations.
Resignation
In November 1990, Thatcher agreed to resign and was succeeded as party leader and prime minister by John Major. In 1992, Thatcher left the House of Commons for the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.
Margaret Thatcher
Questions:
1. When was Margaret Thatcher born?
2. What did she study at the university?
3. What were the major steps on her way to the post of Prime Minister?
4. What policy did Margaret Thatcher conduct?
5. How long did she stay at the post of Prime Minister?
6. When did she resign?
Маргарет Тэтчер
Маргарет Тэтчер (Маргарет Робинс) родилась в 1925 году. Ее отец владел бакалейной лавкой, однако он интересовался местной политикой. Маргарет была хорошей студенткой и получила стипендию для учебы в Оксфордском университете по специальности химия. Потом она работала химиком-исследователем, пока не встретила и не вышла замуж за Дениса Тэтчера, преуспевающего бизнесмена. Затем она решила изучать юриспруденцию. Она уже занималась политикой и оставила карьеру юриста, когда ее выбрали в парламент в 1959 году. С 1970 по 1974 год она была министром образования. В 1975 году она стала лидером консервативной партии, которая тогда находилась в оппозиции. В 1979 году она победила на выборах лейбористскую партию и заняла должность премьер-министра, она была первой женщиной премьер-министром Великобритании.
Тэтчер разрешила приватизацию отраслей промышленности, находящихся в государственной собственности. В начале 80-х годов Британия столкнулась с проблемами безработицы, инфляции и проблемами в Северной Ирландии. В 1982 году Британия была вовлечена в необъявленную войну против Аргентины на Фолклендских островах. После победы на Фолклендских островах у нее был имидж сильного, обладающего авторитетом лидера. На выборах 1983 года она одержала победу с большим преимуществом. В 1987 она была переизбрана премьер-министром на третий срок, одержав победу над лейбористской партией, которая испытывала недостаток в голосах из-за недавно заключенного блока с либеральной партией.
22 ноября 1990 года госпожа Тэтчер подала в отставку. «Железная леди», которая верила, что ей было предначертано судьбой изменить британскую нацию, плакала, когда делала историческое заявление. На пост премьер-министра было три кандидата-мужчины. Победить должен был Джон Мэйджор.
Источник: 100 тем английского языка. Авторы Каверина В. Бойко В. Жидких Н.
Margaret Thatcher (Margaret Robins) was born in 1925. Her fat had a grocer’s shop but he was also very interested in local politics. Margaret was a good student and won a schoolarship to Oxford to study chemistry. Then she worked as a research chemist until she met and married Denis Thatcher, a successful businessman. Then she decided to study law. She was already involved in politics and gave up law when she was elected to the Parliament in 1959. From 1970 to 1974 she was Secretary of State for Education. In 1975 she became leader of the Conservative Party which was the Opposition. In 1979 she beat the Labour Party and took office as Prime Minister, Britain’s first woman Prime Minister.
Thatcher privatized publicly-owned industries and made cuts in state education, hospitals and welfare benef ts. In early ‘s, Britain was facingunemployment, inflation, problems of Northern Ireland. In 1982, Britain became involved in an undeclared war against Argentina in the Falkland Islands. After the victory in the Falklands, she had an image of a strong, authoritative leader. In the 1983 election campaign, she won with a large majority of votes. In 19i she won her third term as Prime Minister defeating the Labour Party which suffered from loss of votes due to the newly formed alliance with Liberal.
On November 22,1990, Mrs. Thatcher resigned. The «Iron Lady» who believed it was her destiny to reshape the British nation shed tears as she made the historic announcement-Three men were candidates for the post of Prime Minister. John Major was to win.
Маргарет Тэтчер (перевод)
22 ноября 1990 года госпожа Тэтчер подала в отставку. «Железная леди», которая верила, что ей было предначертано судьбой изменить британскую нацию, плакала, когда делала историческое заявление. На пост премьер-министра было три кандидата-мужчины. Победить должен был Джон Мэйджор.
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Margaret Thatcher Biography
Nick Name: Iron Lady
Also Known As: Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher
Born in: Grantham, Lincolnshire, England
Famous as: Former British Prime Minister
political ideology: Conservative
father: Alfred Roberts
mother: Beatrice Ethel
siblings: Muriel, Muriel Roberts
children: Carol Thatcher, Mark Thatcher
place of death: Westminster, London, England
education: Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School, Somerville College, Oxford Inns of Court School of Law
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Who was Margaret Thatcher?
Margaret Thatcher was Britain’s first female prime minister who held the office from 1979 to 1990. She was also a leader of the British ‘Conservative Party.’ She won three consecutive terms of office in two decades, and became the only British prime minister in the twentieth century to do so. One of the most influential prime ministers of Britain, Thatcher was also the most debated stateswoman of the century, earning both respect and hatred from public, particularly for her treatment of trade unions. She transformed the ‘Conservative Party’ into one of the most successful political parties in Britain. She earned the nickname ‘Iron Lady’ because of her leadership style and radical ideologies, which came to be known as ‘Thatcherism.’ Her journey from being a humble grocer’s daughter to winning the position of secretary of state for education and science is an inspiring one. Following her appointment as the prime minister, she introduced a new wave of economic initiatives. Margaret Thatcher was a woman of staunch values who brought about radical changes, even though her ideas were constantly under siege. She strode British politics with great astuteness and had the knack of making the most of opportunities, a trait which made her the most admired, yet controversial leader of the UK.